Sources
Every formula, constant and correlation on this site is taken from a published source and cited where it is used. This page collects all 161 of them, with links back to the calculators and models that use each one.
Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 16
- Appl, M. (2000). Ammonia. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a02_143Cited in: Steam reforming reactor modeling.
- Daiminger, W., Fritz, K. R., Schorer, E., & Stüber, B. (2000). Noise and vibration. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.b07_383
- Fiedler, E., Grossmann, G., Kersebohm, D. B., Weiss, G., & Witte, C. (2000). Methanol. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a16_465
- Finlayson, B. A., Biegler, L. T., & Grossmann, I. E. (2006). Mathematics in chemical engineering. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.b01_01.pub2
- Hammer, G., Lübcke, T., Kettner, R., Pillarella, M. R., Recknagel, H., Commichau, A., Neumann, H.-J., & Paczynska-Lahme, B. (2006). Natural gas. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_073.pub2Cited in: Gas Mixture Properties
- Hlavacek, V., Puszynski, J. A., Viljoen, H. J., & Gatica, J. E. (2000). Model reactors and their design equations. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.b04_121
- Häussinger, P., Glatthaar, R., Rhode, W., Kick, H., Benkmann, C., Weber, J., Wunschel, H.-J., Stenke, V., Leicht, E., & Stenger, H. (2000b). Noble gases. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_485Cited in: Air separation modeling.
- Häussinger, P., Leitgeb, P., & Schmücker, B. (2000a). Nitrogen. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_457
- Linscheid, M. (2000). Mass spectrometry. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.b05_515
- Müller, E., Berger, R., Blass, E., & Sluyts, D. (2000). Liquid–liquid extraction. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.b03_06Cited in: Absorber, Stripper & Extractor (Kremser)
- Roland, E., & Kleinschmit, P. (2000). Zeolites. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a28_475Cited in: Zeolite Bed Temperature Profile
- Stookey, D. J. (2005). Membranes: gas-separation applications. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
- Strathmann, H. (2005). Membranes and membrane separation processes. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a16_187.pub2
- Thiemann, M., Scheibler, E., & Wiegand, K. W. (2000). Nitric acid, nitrous acid, and nitrogen oxides. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_293Cited in: Nitric acid process modeling.
- Thompson, S. M., & Robertson, G. (2000). Liquefied petroleum gas. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_347
- Zlokarnik, M. (2000). Mixing, introduction. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.b02_24
Books and chapters 49
- Abramowitz, M. (Ed.), & Stegun, I. A. (Ed.) (1964). Handbook of Mathematical Functions. National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC (Applied Mathematics Series 55).
- Bergman, T. L., Lavine, A. S., Incropera, F. P., & DeWitt, D. P. (2011). Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer (7th ed.). Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.Cited in: Catalyst Transport Limits (Mears & Weisz–Prater), Finned Heatsink Performance, Forced Convection in a Tube, Heat Exchanger (LMTD Method), Heat Exchanger Outlet Temperatures (ε-NTU), Natural Convection to Air, Peltier + Heatsink: Cold-Side Temperature, Pipe & Vessel Insulation Heat Loss, Pool Boiling & Film Condensation, Radiation Heat Exchange, Transient Conduction: Wall, Cylinder, Sphere & Semi-Infinite Solid, Transient Heating & Cooling (Lumped), Zeolite Bed Temperature Profile
- Bertucco, A. (Ed.), & Vetter, G. (Ed.) (2001). High Pressure Process Technology: Fundamentals and Applications. Elsevier, Amsterdam.Cited in: Pressure Vessel Wall Stress
- Bird, R. B., Stewart, W. E., & Lightfoot, E. N. (2002). Transport Phenomena (2nd ed.). Wiley, New York.Cited in: Gas Diffusivity (Fuller) & Knudsen Diffusion, Gas Mixture Properties, Inclined-Manometer Pitot Flowmeter, Orifice Plate Flow, Packed Bed Pressure Drop (Ergun), Particle Settling Velocity, Pipe Pressure Drop, Pitot Tube Flow, Tank Draining Time, Vacuum Tube Conductance & Differential Pumping
- Bosanquet, C. H. (1944). The optimum pressure for a diffusion separation plant. British TA Report BR-507, London.
- Breck, D. W. (1974). Zeolite Molecular Sieves: Structure, Chemistry, and Use. Wiley, New York.Cited in: Zeolite Bed Temperature Profile
- Brent, R. P. (1973). Algorithms for Minimization without Derivatives. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
- Burgot, J.-L. (2017). The Notion of Activity in Chemistry. Springer, Cham.
- Chambers, A. (2005). Modern Vacuum Physics. Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, FL.
- Clift, R., Grace, J. R., & Weber, M. E. (1978). Bubbles, Drops, and Particles. Academic Press, New York.Cited in: Particle Settling Velocity
- Collier, J. G. (1972). Convective Boiling and Condensation. McGraw-Hill, London.Cited in: Pool Boiling & Film Condensation
- Davis, M. E., & Davis, R. J. (2003). Fundamentals of Chemical Reaction Engineering. McGraw-Hill, New York.
- Doğu, T., & Doğu, G. (2022). Fundamentals of Chemical Reactor Engineering: A Multi-Scale Approach. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.
- Fogler, H. S. (2016). Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering (5th ed.). Prentice Hall, Boston.Cited in: Nitric acid process modeling., Adiabatic Temperature Rise, Arrhenius: Activation Energy & Rate Constant, Catalyst Transport Limits (Mears & Weisz–Prater), Gas Diffusivity (Fuller) & Knudsen Diffusion, Ideal Reactor Sizing (CSTR, PFR, Batch), Non-Ideal Reactor: Dispersion & Tanks-in-Series Models, Packed Bed Pressure Drop (Ergun), Pipe Line Sizing, Space Velocity & Residence Time, Thiele Modulus & Effectiveness Factor
- Froment, G. F., Bischoff, K. B., & De Wilde, J. (2011). Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design (3rd ed.). Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.
- GPA (1997). GPA Standard 2140: Liquefied Petroleum Gas Specifications and Test Methods. Gas Processors Association, Tulsa, OK.
- Goldsmid, H. J. (2016). Introduction to Thermoelectricity (2nd ed.). Springer, Berlin.
- Harris, D. C. (2010). Quantitative Chemical Analysis (8th ed.). W. H. Freeman, New York.
- Hoffman, D. M., Singh, B., & Thomas, J. H. (1998). Handbook of Vacuum Science and Technology. Academic Press, San Diego.Cited in: Vacuum Pump-Down Time
- Hoftyzer, P. J., & Kwanten, F. J. G. (1972). Absorption of nitrous gases. In Gas Purification Processes for Air Pollution Control (Nonhebel, G., Ed.). Butterworths, London.Cited in: Nitric acid process modeling.
- Huzel, D. K., & Huang, D. H. (1992). Modern Engineering for Design of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines. AIAA, Washington, DC (Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, Vol. 147).
- IAPWS (2012). Revised Release on the IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam (R7-97(2012)). International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam.
- IAPWS (2014). Revised Release on Surface Tension of Ordinary Water Substance (R1-76(2014)). International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam.
- Ioffe, A. F. (1957). Semiconductor Thermoelements and Thermoelectric Cooling. Infosearch, London.Cited in: Thermoelectric Generator (Seebeck Power)
- Lamé, G. (1852). Leçons sur la théorie mathématique de l'élasticité des corps solides. Bachelier, Paris.Cited in: Pressure Vessel Wall Stress
- Levenspiel, O. (1999). Chemical Reaction Engineering (3rd ed.). Wiley, New York.
- Mark, J. E. (Ed.) (1999). Polymer Data Handbook. Oxford University Press, New York.Cited in: Zeolite Bed Temperature Profile
- O'Hanlon, J. F. (2003). A User's Guide to Vacuum Technology (3rd ed.). Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.
- Ogata, K. (2004). System Dynamics (4th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
- Paul, E. L. (Ed.), Atiemo-Obeng, V. A. (Ed.), & Kresta, S. M. (Ed.) (2004). Handbook of Industrial Mixing: Science and Practice. Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, NJ.
- Pfeiffer Vacuum GmbH (2013). The Vacuum Technology Book, Volume II: Know-how Book. Pfeiffer Vacuum GmbH, Asslar.
- Poling, B. E., Prausnitz, J. M., & O'Connell, J. P. (2001). The Properties of Gases and Liquids (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill, New York.
- Press, W. H., Teukolsky, S. A., Vetterling, W. T., & Flannery, B. P. (1992). Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Reader-Harris, M. (2015). Orifice Plates and Venturi Tubes. Springer, Cham (Experimental Fluid Mechanics series).Cited in: Orifice Plate Flow, Single-Piece Orifice Flowmeter
- Rostrup-Nielsen, J. R. (1984). Catalytic steam reforming. In Catalysis: Science and Technology, Vol. 5 (Anderson, J. R., Boudart, M., Eds.). Springer, Berlin.Cited in: Steam reforming reactor modeling.
- Rowe, D. M. (Ed.) (2006). Thermoelectrics Handbook: Macro to Nano. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
- Ruthven, D. M. (1984). Principles of Adsorption and Adsorption Processes. Wiley, New York.Cited in: Zeolite Bed Temperature Profile
- Seader, J. D., Henley, E. J., & Roper, D. K. (2011). Separation Process Principles (3rd ed.). Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.
- Seborg, D. E., Edgar, T. F., Mellichamp, D. A., & Doyle, F. J. (2011). Process Dynamics and Control (3rd ed.). Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.
- Smith, J. M., Van Ness, H. C., Abbott, M. M., & Swihart, M. T. (2018). Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education, New York.Cited in: Air separation modeling., Methanol reactor modeling., Nitric acid process modeling., Adiabatic Flame Temperature, Bubble & Dew Point (Raoult’s Law), Dew Point & Moisture Content, Gas Compressor Power, Gas Density, Gas Flow Converter, Gas Heating: Sensible Heat & Cp, Gas Mixture Properties, Isothermal Flash (Rachford–Rice), LPG: Vapour Pressure, Density & Tank Filling, N₂O Tank Fill (Saturated Nitrous Oxide), Pump Power & NPSH, Real Gas Properties (Peng–Robinson EOS), Rocket Engine & Nozzle Sizing, Space Velocity & Residence Time, Steam & Water Properties (IAPWS-IF97), Vapour Pressure (Antoine Equation)
- Stoessel, F. (2008). Thermal Safety of Chemical Processes: Risk Assessment and Process Design. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.Cited in: Adiabatic Temperature Rise
- Sutton, G. P., & Biblarz, O. (2017). Rocket Propulsion Elements (9th ed.). Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.
- Turns, S. R. (2012). An Introduction to Combustion: Concepts and Applications (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill, New York.Cited in: Adiabatic Flame Temperature
- VDI e. V. (Ed.) (2010). VDI Heat Atlas (2nd ed.). Springer, Berlin.Cited in: Zeolite Bed Temperature Profile
- Vollmer, M., & Möllmann, K.-P. (2017). Infrared Thermal Imaging: Fundamentals, Research and Applications (2nd ed.). Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.Cited in: Zeolite Bed Temperature Profile
- Walas, S. M. (1990). Chemical Process Equipment: Selection and Design. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston.Cited in: Air separation modeling., Nitric acid process modeling., Absorber, Stripper & Extractor (Kremser), Compressible Flow Through an Orifice or Relief, Gas Compressor Power, Gas Flow Converter, Heat Exchanger (LMTD Method), Injector Orifice Sizing, Isothermal Flash (Rachford–Rice), Orifice Plate Flow, Packed Bed Pressure Drop (Ergun), Particle Settling Velocity, Pipe Line Sizing, Pipe Pressure Drop, Pressure Vessel Wall Stress, Pump Power & NPSH, Rocket Engine & Nozzle Sizing, Shortcut Distillation (Fenske–Underwood–Gilliland), Stirred Tank: Power, Pumping & Blend Time, Vacuum Tube Conductance & Differential Pumping
- White, F. M. (2011). Fluid Mechanics (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill, New York.Cited in: Pipe Pressure Drop, Pitot Tube Flow
- Young, W. C., Budynas, R. G., & Sadegh, A. M. (2012). Roark's Formulas for Stress and Strain (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill, New York.Cited in: O-Ring Calculator, Pressure Vessel Wall Stress
- Çengel, Y. A., & Ghajar, A. J. (2015). Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education, New York.Cited in: Dew Point & Moisture Content, Forced Convection in a Tube, Heat Exchanger (LMTD Method), Heat Exchanger Outlet Temperatures (ε-NTU), Natural Convection to Air, Pipe & Vessel Insulation Heat Loss, Pipe Pressure Drop, Radiation Heat Exchange, Transient Conduction: Wall, Cylinder, Sphere & Semi-Infinite Solid, Transient Heating & Cooling (Lumped)
Journal articles 85
- Alduchov, O. A., & Eskridge, R. E. (1996). Improved Magnus form approximation of saturation vapor pressure. J. Appl. Meteorol., 35, 601–609.Cited in: Zeolite Bed Temperature Profile
- Andrew, S. P. S., & Hanson, D. (1961). The dynamics of nitrous gas absorption. Chem. Eng. Sci., 14, 105–113.Cited in: Nitric acid process modeling.
- Antoine, C. (1888). Tensions des vapeurs; nouvelle relation entre les tensions et les températures. C. R. Acad. Sci., 107, 681–684, 778–780, 836–837.Cited in: Vapour Pressure (Antoine Equation)
- Aris, R. (1957). On shape factors for irregular particles — I. The steady state problem. Diffusion and reaction. Chem. Eng. Sci., 6, 262–268.Cited in: Thiele Modulus & Effectiveness Factor
- Arrhenius, S. (1889). Über die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit bei der Inversion von Rohrzucker durch Säuren. Z. Phys. Chem., 4, 226–248.
- Beek, J., & Singer, E. (1951). A procedure for scaling-up a catalytic reactor. Chem. Eng. Prog., 47, 534–540.Cited in: Packed Tube: Wall Heat Transfer
- Bell, I. H., Wronski, J., Quoilin, S., & Lemort, V. (2014). Pure and pseudo-pure fluid thermophysical property evaluation and the open-source thermophysical property library CoolProp. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 53(6), 2498–2508.
- Benenati, R. F., & Brosilow, C. B. (1962). Void fraction distribution in beds of spheres. AIChE J., 8, 359–361.Cited in: Zeolite Bed Temperature Profile
- Berenson, P. J. (1961). Film-boiling heat transfer from a horizontal surface. J. Heat Transfer, 83, 351–358.Cited in: Pool Boiling & Film Condensation
- Bilous, O., & Amundson, N. R. (1956). Chemical reactor stability and sensitivity. II. Effect of parameters on sensitivity of empty tubular reactors. AIChE J., 2, 117–126.
- Bodenstein, M. (1922). Bildung und Zersetzung der höheren Stickoxyde. Z. Phys. Chem., 100, 68–123.Cited in: Nitric acid process modeling.
- Bromley, L. A. (1950). Heat transfer in stable film boiling. Chem. Eng. Prog., 46, 221–227.Cited in: Pool Boiling & Film Condensation
- Buck, R. P., Rondinini, S., Covington, A. K., et al. (2002). Measurement of pH. Definition, standards, and procedures (IUPAC Recommendations 2002). Pure Appl. Chem., 74(11), 2169–2200.
- Bücker, D., & Wagner, W. (2006). Reference equations of state for the thermodynamic properties of fluid phase n-butane and isobutane. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 35(2), 929–1019.
- Chien, I.-L., & Fruehauf, P. S. (1990). Consider IMC tuning to improve controller performance. Chem. Eng. Prog., 86(10), 33–41.Cited in: PID Controller Tuning
- Chilton, T. H., & Colburn, A. P. (1934). Mass transfer (absorption) coefficients: prediction from data on heat transfer and fluid friction. Ind. Eng. Chem., 26(11), 1183–1187.
- Chinchen, G. C., Denny, P. J., Parker, D. G., Spencer, M. S., & Whan, D. A. (1987). Mechanism of methanol synthesis from CO2/CO/H2 mixtures over copper/zinc oxide/alumina catalysts: use of 14C-labelled reactants. Appl. Catal., 30, 333–338.Cited in: Methanol reactor modeling.
- Churchill, S. W., & Chu, H. H. S. (1975a). Correlating equations for laminar and turbulent free convection from a vertical plate. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 18, 1323–1329.
- Churchill, S. W., & Chu, H. H. S. (1975b). Correlating equations for laminar and turbulent free convection from a horizontal cylinder. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 18, 1049–1053.Cited in: Natural Convection to Air
- Cohen, G. H., & Coon, G. A. (1953). Theoretical consideration of retarded control. Trans. ASME, 75, 827–834.Cited in: PID Controller Tuning
- Colebrook, C. F. (1939). Turbulent flow in pipes, with particular reference to the transition region between the smooth and rough pipe laws. J. Inst. Civ. Eng., 11, 133–156.Cited in: Pipe Pressure Drop
- Crider, J. E., & Foss, A. S. (1965). Effective wall heat transfer coefficients and thermal resistances in mathematical models of packed beds. AIChE J., 11, 1012–1019.Cited in: Packed Tube: Wall Heat Transfer
- Danckwerts, P. V. (1953). Continuous flow systems: distribution of residence times. Chem. Eng. Sci., 2, 1–13.
- Davies, C. W. (1938). The extent of dissociation of salts in water. Part VIII. J. Chem. Soc., 1938, 2093–2098.
- Debye, P., & Hückel, E. (1923). Zur Theorie der Elektrolyte. I. Gefrierpunktserniedrigung und verwandte Erscheinungen. Phys. Z., 24, 185–206.
- Dixon, A. G. (1988). Correlations for wall and particle shape effects on fixed bed bulk voidage. Can. J. Chem. Eng., 66, 705–708.Cited in: Zeolite Bed Temperature Profile
- Dixon, A. G., DiCostanzo, M. A., & Soucy, B. A. (1984). Fluid-phase radial transport in packed beds of low tube-to-particle diameter ratio. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 27, 1701–1713.
- Dormand, J. R., & Prince, P. J. (1980). A family of embedded Runge–Kutta formulae. J. Comput. Appl. Math., 6(1), 19–26.
- Dwivedi, P. N., & Upadhyay, S. N. (1977). Particle–fluid mass transfer in fixed and fluidized beds. Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 16(2), 157–165.
- Eduljee, H. E. (1975). Equations replace Gilliland plot. Hydrocarbon Process., 54(9), 120–122.
- Edwards, M. F., & Richardson, J. F. (1968). Gas dispersion in packed beds. Chem. Eng. Sci., 23, 109–123.Cited in: Zeolite Bed Temperature Profile
- Ergun, S. (1952). Fluid flow through packed columns. Chem. Eng. Prog., 48(2), 89–94.
- Fenske, M. R. (1932). Fractionation of straight-run Pennsylvania gasoline. Ind. Eng. Chem., 24(5), 482–485.
- Fuller, E. N., Schettler, P. D., & Giddings, J. C. (1966). A new method for prediction of binary gas-phase diffusion coefficients. Ind. Eng. Chem., 58(5), 18–27.
- Gent, A. N. (1958). On the relation between indentation hardness and Young's modulus. Trans. Inst. Rubber Ind., 34, 46–57.Cited in: O-Ring Calculator
- Gilliland, E. R. (1940). Multicomponent rectification: estimation of the number of theoretical plates as a function of the reflux ratio. Ind. Eng. Chem., 32(9), 1220–1223.
- Glueckauf, E. (1955). Theory of chromatography. Part 10: Formulae for diffusion into spheres and their application to chromatography. Trans. Faraday Soc., 51, 1540–1551.Cited in: Zeolite Bed Temperature Profile
- Gnielinski, V. (1976). New equations for heat and mass transfer in turbulent pipe and channel flow. Int. Chem. Eng., 16(2), 359–368.Cited in: Forced Convection in a Tube
- Gnielinski, V. (2013). On heat transfer in tubes. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 63, 134–140.Cited in: Forced Convection in a Tube
- Graaf, G. H., Sijtsema, P. J. J. M., Stamhuis, E. J., & Joosten, G. E. H. (1986). Chemical equilibria in methanol synthesis. Chem. Eng. Sci., 41, 2883–2890.Cited in: Methanol reactor modeling.
- Huber, M. L., Perkins, R. A., Friend, D. G., Sengers, J. V., Assael, M. J., Metaxa, I. N., Miyagawa, K., Hellmann, R., & Vogel, E. (2012). New international formulation for the thermal conductivity of H2O. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 41(3), 033102.
- Huber, M. L., Perkins, R. A., Laesecke, A., Friend, D. G., Sengers, J. V., Assael, M. J., Metaxa, I. N., Vogel, E., Mareš, R., & Miyagawa, K. (2009). New international formulation for the viscosity of H2O. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 38(2), 101–125.
- Kirkbride, C. G. (1944). Process design procedure for multicomponent fractionators. Petrol. Refiner, 23(9), 321–336.
- Kremser, A. (1930). Theoretical analysis of absorption process. Natl. Petrol. News, 22(21), 43–49.Cited in: Absorber, Stripper & Extractor (Kremser)
- Lee, B. I., & Kesler, M. G. (1975). A generalized thermodynamic correlation based on three-parameter corresponding states. AIChE J., 21(3), 510–527.Cited in: Air separation modeling.
- Lemmon, E. W., & Ihmels, E. C. (2005). Thermodynamic properties of the butenes. Part II. Short fundamental equations of state. Fluid Phase Equilib., 228–229, 173–187.
- Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M. O., & Wagner, W. (2009). Thermodynamic properties of propane. III. A reference equation of state for temperatures from the melting line to 650 K and pressures up to 1000 MPa. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 54(12), 3141–3180.
- Leva, M. (1947). Heat transfer to gases through packed tubes. Ind. Eng. Chem., 39, 857–862.
- Lindley, P. B. (1967). Compression characteristics of laterally-unrestrained rubber O-rings. Journal of the Institution of the Rubber Industry, 1, 209–213.Cited in: O-Ring Calculator
- Lineykin, S., & Ben-Yaakov, S. (2007). Modeling and analysis of thermoelectric modules. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 43(2), 505–512.
- Martin, H., & Nilles, M. (1993). Radiale Wärmeleitung in durchströmten Schüttungsrohren. Chem. Ing. Tech., 65, 1468–1477.Cited in: Zeolite Bed Temperature Profile
- Mason, E. A., & Saxena, S. C. (1958). Approximate formula for the thermal conductivity of gas mixtures. Phys. Fluids, 1, 361–369.Cited in: Zeolite Bed Temperature Profile
- Mears, D. E. (1971). Tests for transport limitations in experimental catalytic reactors. Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 10(4), 541–547.
- Molokanov, Y. K., Korablina, T. P., Mazurina, N. I., & Nikiforov, G. A. (1972). An approximation method for calculating the basic parameters of multicomponent fractionation. Int. Chem. Eng., 12(2), 209–212.
- Moody, L. F. (1944). Friction factors for pipe flow. Trans. ASME, 66, 671–684.Cited in: Pipe Pressure Drop
- Neufeld, P. D., Janzen, A. R., & Aziz, R. A. (1972). Empirical equations to calculate 16 of the transport collision integrals Ω(l,s)* for the Lennard-Jones (12–6) potential. J. Chem. Phys., 57(3), 1100–1102.
- Nusselt, W. (1916). Die Oberflächenkondensation des Wasserdampfes. Z. Ver. Dtsch. Ing., 60, 541–546, 569–575.Cited in: Pool Boiling & Film Condensation
- Pan, C. Y., & Basmadjian, D. (1970). An analysis of adiabatic sorption of single solutes in fixed beds: pure thermal wave formation and its practical implications. Chem. Eng. Sci., 25, 1653–1664.Cited in: Zeolite Bed Temperature Profile
- Peng, D.-Y., & Robinson, D. B. (1976). A new two-constant equation of state. Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 15(1), 59–64.
- Petzold, L. (1983). Automatic selection of methods for solving stiff and nonstiff systems of ordinary differential equations. SIAM J. Sci. Stat. Comput., 4(1), 136–148.Cited in: Nitric acid process modeling.
- Rachford, H. H., & Rice, J. D. (1952). Procedure for use of electronic digital computers in calculating flash vaporization hydrocarbon equilibrium. J. Petrol. Technol., 4(10), 19–3.Cited in: Isothermal Flash (Rachford–Rice)
- Rivera, D. E., Morari, M., & Skogestad, S. (1986). Internal model control: PID controller design. Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 25(1), 252–265.Cited in: PID Controller Tuning
- Rohsenow, W. M. (1952). A method of correlating heat-transfer data for surface boiling of liquids. Trans. ASME, 74, 969–976.Cited in: Pool Boiling & Film Condensation
- Schiller, L., & Naumann, A. (1933). Über die grundlegenden Berechnungen bei der Schwerkraftaufbereitung. Z. Ver. Dtsch. Ing., 77, 318–320.Cited in: Particle Settling Velocity
- Shampine, L. F., & Reichelt, M. W. (1997). The MATLAB ODE suite. SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 18(1), 1–22.
- Sircar, S., & Hufton, J. R. (2000). Why does the linear driving force model for adsorption kinetics work? Adsorption, 6, 137–147.Cited in: Zeolite Bed Temperature Profile
- Skogestad, S. (2003). Simple analytic rules for model reduction and PID controller tuning. J. Process Control, 13, 291–309.Cited in: PID Controller Tuning
- Sonntag, D. (1990). Important new values of the physical constants of 1986, vapour pressure formulations based on the ITS-90, and psychrometer formulae. Z. Meteorol., 40(5), 340–344.
- Swamee, P. K., & Jain, A. K. (1976). Explicit equations for pipe-flow problems. J. Hydraul. Div. ASCE, 102(HY5), 657–664.Cited in: Pipe Pressure Drop
- Thiele, E. W. (1939). Relation between catalytic activity and size of particle. Ind. Eng. Chem., 31(7), 916–920.Cited in: Thiele Modulus & Effectiveness Factor
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Standards and industry handbooks 20
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Data, constants and software 8
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